TAILIEUCHUNG - The grammar of the english verb phrase part 7

Part V (— sections — ) addresses the properties by which these latter semantic catego-ries (which we call 'situation-templates1) can be classified into different types. This section is concerned with 'ontological aspect1 (perhaps better known as 'lexical aspect1), which involves such oppositions as 'static1 versus 'dynamic', 'agentive1 versus 'nonagentive1, 'telic1 versus 'atelic1, 'homogeneous1 versus 'heterogeneous1, etc. | III. Meaning categories expressed by verb forms 35 in English. Otherwise habitual meaning is normally expressed by a nonprogressive verb form often in combination with a repetitive adverb like habitually usually normally etc. At the time I wasn t yet attracted by girls. I simply ignored them. I don t drive to work. I take the bus or walk. John habitually I mostly I usually skips breakfast because he gets up too late. In the latter two examples the habit referred to is located at t0 and is not represented as restricted in time so that it is interpreted as a permanent habtt. However a habit including t0 can also be represented as restricted in time i. e. as temporary by the use of the progressive form. In that case the accompanying adverbial if any is a durative time adverbial rather than a repetitive one We aren t eating any beef these days because pork is exceptionally cheap. She s sleeping on the veranda while this hot weather lasts. The use of a progressive form here leads to a habituality reading of a particular kind the situation is conceived of as repetitive and as forming a temporary habtt. This does not mean however that the progressive itself is a marker of habitual aspect. In the above examples it still expresses imperfective aspect and the repetitive habit interpretation arises largely via common sense reasoning and knowledge of the world for example we know that people do not normally eat uninterruptedly for several days. A habit is a state viz. a characteristic which may or may not involve repetition I used to love that kind of music versus I used to go to the cinema three times a week. Because a habit is a state and states are homogeneous i. e. they hold at every time in the course of their existence see none of the instantiations of a repettttve habtt need actually be in progress at the time at which the habit as a whole is located. Thus both We take a walk after breakfast and We re taking a walk after breakfast these days can be uttered .

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