TAILIEUCHUNG - Oxford guide to english grammar part 22

All these seven clause patterns contain a subject and verb in that order. The elements that come after the verb depend on the type of verb: for example, whether it is transitive or not. Some verbs belong to more than one type. For example, think can come in these three patterns. | PAGE 141 112 The passive to-infinitive and gerund 112 The passive to-infinitive and gerund 1 Forms Active Passive To-infinitive to play to be played Perfect to-infinitive to have played to have been played Gerund playing being played Perfect gerund having played having been played The passive forms end with a passive participle played . NOTE Passive forms can sometimes have get instead of be. 107 I don t expect to get invited to the wedding. Let s not risk getting caught in a traffic jam. 2 Patterns The passive to-infinitive and gerund can come in the same patterns as the active forms for example after some verbs or adjectives. a To-infinitive I expect to be invited to the wedding. It s awful to be criticized in public. I d like this rubbish to be cleared away as soon as possible. NOTE After decide and agree we use a finite clause with should. 242 2 We decided that the rubbish should be cleared away. After arrange we can use a to-infinitive pattern with for. We arrangedfor the rubbish to be cleared away. b Perfect to-infinitive I d like this rubbish to have been cleared away when I get back. c Gerund Being searched by customs officers is unpleasant. Let s not risk being caught in a trafficjam. I was afraid ofbeing laughed at. The government tried to stop the book being published. NOTE After suggest propose recommend and advise we use a finite clause with should. 242 2 The Minister proposed that the book should be banned. d Perfect gerund I m annoyed at having been made a fool of. 3 Use of the passive forms Compare the subjects in the active and passive clauses. Active I d like someone to clear away this rubbish. Passive I d like this rubbish to be cleared away. In the active the subject of the clause is someone the agent. In the passive it is this rubbish the thing the action is directed at. 13 THE PASSIVE PAGE 142 When the main clause and the infinitive or gerund clause have the same subject then we do not repeat the subject. I expect to be invited to the wedding.

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