TAILIEUCHUNG - The Language of SQL- P44

The Language of SQL- P44:Research has shown that, being pressed for time, most readers tend to skip the introduction of any book they happen to read and then proceed immediately to the first real chapter. With that fact firmly in mind, we will only cover relatively unimportant material in the introduction, such as an explanation of what you will and will not learn by reading this book. | Howto Normalize Data 201 Students table StudentID Student 1 Amy 2 Jon 3 Beth 4 Karen 5 Alex Teachers table TeacherID Teacher Assistant 1 Smith Collins 2 Jones Brown 3 Kaplan NULL 4 Harris Taylor Tests table TestID TeacherID Test Date TotalPoints 1 1 Pronoun Quiz 2009-03-02 10 2 2 Pronoun Quiz 2009-03-02 10 3 3 Solids Quiz 2009-03-03 20 4 4 China Test 2009-03-04 50 5 1 Grammar Test 2009-03-05 100 Formats table TestID TestFormat 1 Multiple Choice 2 Multiple Choice 3 Multiple Choice 4 Essay 5 Multiple Choice 5 Essay 202 Chapter 19 Principles of Database Design Grades table StudentID TestID Grade 1 1 8 2 2 6 3 3 17 4 4 45 5 4 38 4 5 88 Your first impression might be that we have unnecessarily complicated the situation rather than improved it. For example the Grades table is now a mass of numbers the meaning of which is not completely obvious on quick inspection. This is true. However remembering the ability of SQL to join tables together easily you can also see that there is now much greater flexibility in this new design. Not only are we free to join together only those tables needed for any particular analysis but we can now add new columns to these tables much more readily without affecting anything else. Our information has become more modularized. For example if we should decide that we want to capture additional information about each student such as address and phone we can simply add new columns to the Students table. Additionally when we want to modify a student s address or phone later it only affects one row in the table The Art of Database Design Ultimately designing a database is much more than simply going through the normalization procedures. Database design is really more of an art than a science and it requires asking and thinking about relevant business issues. In our grades example we presented one possible database design as an illustration of how to normalize data. In truth there are many possibilities for designing this database. Much depends on .

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