TAILIEUCHUNG - The power of ideas in Philosophy: Part 2

(BQ) Continued part 1, the document The power of ideas in Philosophy: Part 2 has contents: Political philosophy, recent moral and political philosophy, philosophy and belief in god, feminist philosophy, eastern influences, postcolonial thought,. and other contents. Invite you to refer. | 11 Political Philosophy Man when perfected is the best of all animals but when separated from law and justice he is the worst of all. Justice is the bond of men in states. Aristotle That one human being will desire to render the person and property of another subservient to his pleasures notwithstanding the pain or loss of pleasure which it may occasion to that individual is the foundation of government. James Mill1 While the state exists there is no freedom. Where there is freedom there will be no state. Vladimir I. Lenin E B ethics is the philosophical study of moral judgments. But many moral judgments are at the same time political judgments. Should goods be distributed equally Or should they be distributed according to need Or perhaps according to merit or according to contribution to production or to existing ownership or to something else Is it justifiable for a government to restrict the liberty of its citizens and if so in what measure When if ever is fine or imprisonment legitimate And what is the purpose of fine and imprisonment punishment deterrence rehabilitation Are there natural rights that all governments must respect What form of political society or state is best Should there even be a state The answers to these questions are moral judgments of a political variety. Political philosophy considers such issues and the concepts that are involved in them. 252 More generally political philosophy seeks to find the best form of political existence. It is concerned with determining the state s right to exist its ethically legitimate functions and scope and its proper organization. Political philosophy also seeks to describe and understand the nature of political relationships and political authority though scholars whose inquiries are focused within the purely descriptive branch of political philosophy now usually call themselves political scientists. PLATO AND ARISTOTLE Let s start with Plato and Aristotle because they were the first

• Triết học
• Feminist philosophy
• Eastern influences
• Postcolonial thought
• Political philosophy
• Four philosophical problems