TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Dynamic mechanical analysis - A practical introduction: Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Dynamic mechanical analysis - A practical introduction" has contents: Time–Temperature scans - Transitions in polymers; time and temperature studies - Thermosets; frequency scans; DMA applications to real problems - Guidelines | 5 Time–Temperature Scans: Transitions in Polymers One of most common uses of the DMA for users from a thermal analysis background is the measurement of the various transitions in a polymer. A lot of users exploit the greater sensitivity of the DMA to measure Tg’s undetectable by the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) or the differential thermal analyzer (DTA). For more sophisticated users, DMA temperature scanning techniques let you investigate the relaxation processes of a polymer. In this chapter, we will look at how time and temperature can be used to study the properties of polymers. We will address curing studies separately in Chapter 6. TIME AND TEMPERATURE SCANNING IN THE DMA If we start with a polymer at very low temperature and oscillate it at a set frequency while increasing the temperature, we are performing a temperature scan (Figure ). This is what most thermal analysts think of as a DMA run. Similarly, we could also hold the material at a set temperature and see how its properties change over time (Figure ). Experimentally we need to be concerned with the temperature accuracy and the thermal control of the system, as shown in Figure . This is one of the most commonly overlooked areas experimentally, as poor temperature control is often accepted to maintain large sample size. A large sample means that there will be a temperature difference across the specimen, which can result in anomalies such as dual glass transitions in a In his Polymer Fluids Short Course,2 Bird describes experiments where measuring the temperature at various points in a large parallel plate experiment shows a 15∞C difference from the plate edge to the center. Large samples require very slow heating rates and hide local differences. This is especially true in post-cure studies. A smaller sample permits a smaller furnace, which is inherently more controllable. Also, smaller sample size allows the sectioning of specimens to see how properties vary

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