TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Comparative elite sport development - Systems, structures and public policy: Part 2
(BQ) Part 2 book "Comparative elite sport development - Systems, structures and public policy" has contents: Characteristics of the French model of elite sport; tensions, conflicts, and the future; discussion of the elite sport system; changes in the system of elite sport governance; the elite sport system in Norway; the infrastructure of elite sport,.and other content. | C H A P T E R • • • • 6 1 France Emmanuel Bayle, Christophe Durand and Luc Nikonoff ● Comparative Elite Sport Development: systems, structures and public policy Introduction Thirty-six million French people practice a physical or sporting activity, and approximately 15 million of these do so as licensed members of France’s 175,000 sports clubs. Up to 350,000 jobs in France are associated with sports development; over 200,000 of these (in the public and private sectors combined) are in sport itself. In total, sports-related spending in France amounts to an annual € billion, or per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) (Andreff and Nys, 2001); of this total, more than €10 billion is public money, mainly at the level of the In the light of such statistics, sport in France has evidently become a significant economic sector in its own right. It also plays a strategic role in France by virtue of its public service functions with regard to education, civic associations (la vie associative), health, social integration (especially in cases of social deprivation), tourism, regional, and local development, the international identity and image of France, and supporting French diplomacy, particularly France’s relations with developing countries. These are roles that have grown in significance over time and, in a national political culture that prizes public service, it is no surprise that they have benefited from large-scale state intervention dating back to the beginning of the 1960s. The first major legislative activity in relation to sport dates back to the Sports Charter (Charte des Sports) of 1940, a period marked by its very specific political The next phase of French state activity in terms of its ‘annexation’ of sport – in particular of elite sport – came in the early 1960s. In this equally specific international climate of Cold War, it became a symbolic importance that nations were represented at the highest levels of sports .
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