TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Endocrine physiology (4th edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Endocrine physiology" presents the following contents: Adrenal gland, endocrine pancreas, male reproductive system, female reproductive system, endocrine integration of energy and electrolyte balance. | Adrenal Gland 6 OBJECTIVES Identify the functional anatomy and zones of the adrenal glands and the principal hormones secreted from each zone. Describe and contrast the regulation of synthesis and release of the adrenal steroid hormones glucocorticoids mineralocorticoids and androgens and the consequences of abnormalities in their biosynthetic pathways. Understand the cellular mechanism of action of adrenal cortical hormones and identify their major physiologic actions particularly during injury and stress. Identify the major mineralocorticoids their biologic actions and their target organs or tissues. Describe the regulation of mineralocorticoid secretion and relate this to the regulation of sodium and potassium excretion. Identify the causes and consequences of oversecretion and undersecretion of glucocorticoids mineralocorticoids and adrenal androgens. Identify the chemical nature of catecholamines and their biosynthesis and metabolic fate. Describe the biologic consequences of sympatho-adrenal medulla activation and identify the target organs or tissues for catecholamine effects along with the receptor types that mediate their actions. Describe and integrate the interactions of adrenal medullary and cortical hormones in response to stress. Identify diseases caused by oversecretion of adrenal catecholamines. The adrenal glands are important components of the endocrine system. They contribute significantly to maintaining homeostasis particularly through their role in the regulation of the body s adaptive response to stress in the maintenance of body water sodium and potassium balance and in the control of blood pressure. The main hormones produced by the human adrenal glands belong to 2 different families based on their structure these are the steroid hormones including the glucocorticoids mineralocorticoids and androgens and the catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine. The adrenal gland like the pituitary has 2 different embryologic origins which as we .

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