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Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium are intravascular, parasitic flatworms that infect >250 million people in 70 developing countries, yet not all people of the same community and household are afflicted. Regarding laboratory rodents, mice but not rats are susceptible to infection with S. mansoni and hamsters but not mice are entirely permissive to infection with S. haematobium. A recent Brazilian publication has demonstrated that resistance of the water-rat, Nectomys squamipes to S. mansoni infection might be ascribed to stores of arachidonic acid (ARA)-rich lipids in liver. Several reports have previously shown that ARA is a safe and effective schistosomicide in vitro, and in vivo in mice, hamsters and in children. Schistosoma haematobium appeared more sensitive than S. mansoni to ARA in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Accordingly, it was proposed that ARA increased levels might be predominantly responsible for natural attrition of S. mansoni and S. haematobium in resistant experimental rodents. Therefore, the levels of ARA in serum, lung, and liver of rats (resistant) and mice (susceptible) at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 weeks after infection with S. mansoni cercariae and between mice (semi-permissive) and hamster (susceptible) at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 12 weeks after infection with S. haematobium cercariae were compared and contrasted. Neutral triglycerides and ARA levels were assessed in serum using commercially available assays and in liver and lung sections by transmission electron microscopy, Oil Red O staining, and specific anti-ARA antibody-based immunohistochemistry assays. Significant (P | Journal of Advanced Research 11 2018 81-89 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Advanced Research journal homepage www.elsevier.com locate jare Original Article Is arachidonic acid an endoschistosomicide Violette Said Hanna a Azza Gawisha Marwa Abou El-Dahabb Hatem Tallimac Rashika El Ridia Check for updates a Zoology Department Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt b Zoology Department Faculty of Science Ein Shams University Cairo Egypt c Chemistry Department School of Science and Engineering American University in Cairo Cairo Egypt GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Arachidonic acid interacts with the surface double lipid bilayer shield of larval developing and adult schistosomes leading to its disintegration and eventual parasite attrition. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history Received 25 October 2017 Revised 9 January 2018 Accepted 9 January 2018 Available online 10 January 2018 Keywords Schistosoma mansoni Schistosoma haematobium Rat schistosomiasis Arachidonic acid Oil Red O staining Immunohistochemistry Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium are intravascular parasitic flatworms that infect 250 million people in 70 developing countries yet not all people of the same community and household are afflicted. Regarding laboratory rodents mice but not rats are susceptible to infection with S. mansoni and hamsters but not mice are entirely permissive to infection with S. haematobium. A recent Brazilian publication has demonstrated that resistance of the water-rat Nectomys squamipes to S. mansoni infection might be ascribed to stores of arachidonic acid ARA -rich lipids in liver. Several reports have previously shown that ARA is a safe and effective schistosomicide in vitro and in vivo in mice hamsters and in children. Schistosoma haematobium appeared more sensitive than S. mansoni to ARA in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Accordingly it was proposed that ARA increased levels might be predominantly responsible for natural attrition of S. mansoni
