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Pesticide Residues in Coastal Tropical Ecosystems: Distribution, fate and effects - Chapter 4

Các nước cộng hòa của Kenya nằm ở phía đông của lục địa châu Phi, giữa Lạt. 4o40'N và 4o40 và giữa dài. 33 ° 50'W và 41 ° 45'E (nước triều xuống, 1994). Đường xích đạo bisects đất nước trong gần hai phần bằng nhau. Khí hậu của Kenya được điều khiển bằng chuyển động của dải hội tụ giữa hai chí tuyến (ITCZ), có ảnh hưởng sau đó được sửa đổi bởi sự khác biệt altitudinal đem lại sự đa dạng Kenya chế độ khí hậu (nước triều xuống, 1994). Vị trí xích đạo của đất nước và. | Chapter 4 Pesticides in Kenya S.O. Wandiga J.O. Lalah and PN. Kaigwara INTRODUCTION The republic of Kenya lies on the eastern side of the African continent between Lat 4o4o N and 4o40 S and between Long. 33 50 W and 41 45E NEAP 1994 . The equator bisects the country in almost two equal parts. The climate of Kenya is controlled by movement of the intertropical convergence zone ITCZ whose influence is then modified by the altitudinal differences that give rise to Kenya s varied climatic regimes NEAP 1994 . The country s equatorial location and its position adjacent to the Indian Ocean also influence the local climate. Kenyan soils are grouped into various units NEAP 1994 based largely on their physical and chemical properties. These play a major role in explaining vegetation types and their distribution patterns. Kenya may be divided into four major agroecological zones AEZ namely the highlands savannah coastal and arid and semi-arid lands ASAL Figure 4.1 . The zones have distinct humidity ranges mean annual temperatures rainfall patterns and altitudes that largely dictate their respective ecological potentials. Kenya s population was estimated at 27.5 million in 1995 and was growing at a rate of 2.9 percent per annum NDP 1997 . Its economy is predominantly agriculture and agroforestry-based contributing 26 percent to the gross domestic product GDP in 1997 NDP 1997 . Agricultural activities are concentrated in the highlands high potential savannah and coastal medium potential AEZs NEAP 1994 . PESTICIDE REGULATION IN KENYA History of pesticide usage Control of the general use and handling of pesticides in Kenya goes back to the colonial era. The earliest recorded legislation dates from 6 September 1921 when the Public Health Act Cap 242 was passed by the colonial government. Sixteen years later a second Act of Parliament dealing with Cattle Cleansing Cap 358 was passed on 27 April 1937. This Act prescribed various preparations for destroying 2003 Milton D. Taylor .