Đang chuẩn bị nút TẢI XUỐNG, xin hãy chờ
Tải xuống
Most of the recent growth in productivity has come from the application of operations technology. In services this comes from information processing and in manufacturing from a combination of soft and hard or machine technologies. This chapter presents the following content: Hardware systems, software systems, formula for evaluating robots, computer integrated manufacturing, technologies in services, benefits, risks. | Supplement B Operations Technology Hardware Systems Software Systems Formula for Evaluating Robots Computer Integrated Manufacturing Technologies in Services Benefits Risks OBJECTIVES 2 Hardware Systems Numerically controlled (NC) machines Machining centers Industrial robots Automated material handling (AMH) systems Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (AS/AR) Automate Guided Vehicle (AGV) Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) 3 Formula for Evaluating a Robot Investment Where P = Payback period in years I = Total capital investment required in robot and accessories L = Annual labor costs replaced by the robot (wage and benefit costs per worker times the number of shifts per day) E = Annual maintenance cost for the robot Z = Annual depreciation q = Fractional speedup (or slowdown) factor (in decimals). Example: If robot produces 150 % of what the normal worker is capable of doing, the fractional speedup factor is 1.5. The payback formula for an investment in robots is: 3 Example of | Supplement B Operations Technology Hardware Systems Software Systems Formula for Evaluating Robots Computer Integrated Manufacturing Technologies in Services Benefits Risks OBJECTIVES 2 Hardware Systems Numerically controlled (NC) machines Machining centers Industrial robots Automated material handling (AMH) systems Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (AS/AR) Automate Guided Vehicle (AGV) Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) 3 Formula for Evaluating a Robot Investment Where P = Payback period in years I = Total capital investment required in robot and accessories L = Annual labor costs replaced by the robot (wage and benefit costs per worker times the number of shifts per day) E = Annual maintenance cost for the robot Z = Annual depreciation q = Fractional speedup (or slowdown) factor (in decimals). Example: If robot produces 150 % of what the normal worker is capable of doing, the fractional speedup factor is 1.5. The payback formula for an investment in robots is: 3 Example of Evaluating a Robot Investment Suppose a company wants to buy a robot. The bank wants to know what the payback period is before they will lend them the $120,000 the robot will cost. You have determined that the robot will replace one worker per shift, for a one shift operation. The annual savings per worker is $35,000. The annual maintenance cost for the robot is estimated at $5,000, with an annual depreciation of $12,000. The estimated productivity of the robot over the typical worker is 110%. What is the payback period of this robot? P = I = 120,000 =1.47years L–E+q(L + Z) 35,000–5,000+1.1(35,000+12,000) 3 Software Systems Computer-aided-design (CAD) Computer-aided engineering (CAE) Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) Automated manufacturing planning and control systems (MP & CS) 4 Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) Product and process design Planning and control The manufacturing process 5 Cost Reduction Benefits from Adopting New Technologies Labor costs Material costs .
