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Chapter 125. Health Care– Associated Infections (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine Chapter 125. Health Care–Associated Infections Health Care–Associated Infections: Introduction The costs of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) and other health care– associated infections are great. It is estimated that these infections affect 2 million patients, cost $4.5 billion, and contribute to 88,000 deaths in U.S. hospitals annually. Efforts to lower infection risks have been challenged by the growing numbers of immunocompromised patients, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, fungal and viral superinfections, and invasive devices and procedures. Nevertheless, evidence-based guidelines for prevention and control are available (Table 125-1); according to some estimates, consistent application of these guidelines may reduce. | Chapter 125. Health Care- Associated Infections Part 1 Harrison s Internal Medicine Chapter 125. Health Care-Associated Infections Health Care-Associated Infections Introduction The costs of hospital-acquired nosocomial and other health care-associated infections are great. It is estimated that these infections affect 2 million patients cost 4.5 billion and contribute to 88 000 deaths in U.S. hospitals annually. Efforts to lower infection risks have been challenged by the growing numbers of immunocompromised patients antibiotic-resistant bacteria fungal and viral superinfections and invasive devices and procedures. Nevertheless evidence-based guidelines for prevention and control are available Table 125-1 according to some estimates consistent application of these guidelines may reduce the risk of health care-associated infection by more than one-third and the growing viewpoint of consumer advocates is that almost all such infections are preventable. This chapter reviews health care-acquired and device-related infections and the basic surveillance prevention control and treatment activities that have been developed to deal with these problems. Table 125-1 Sources of Infection-Control Guidance and Oversight Orga nization Role Major Constituents Web Site JCAH O Regu latory Hospitals long-term-care facilities laboratories http www.jcaho.org CAP Regu latory Laborator ies http www.cap.org OSH Regu Workers http www.osha. gov A latory CMS formerly HCFA Regu latory Medicare Medicaid providers http www.cms.hhs.gov CDC DH QP Advi sory Health care facilities and personnel http www. cdc. gov ncidod dhq p index.html HIC PAC Advi sory Health care facilities and personnel http www. cdc. gov ncidod dhq p hicpac charter.html NIO SH Advi sory Workers http www.cdc.gov niosh AHR Q Advi sory Broad e.g. health care http .