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Typically the processes are adapted from wood processing which benefit from the larger mill size (Paper I). However, concerns associated with the local availability of non-wood raw material force pulp mills to remain small and thus lead to the need for processes to be as simple as possible in order to be competitive unless very valuable by-products can also be extracted. The benefits of utilising agro-fibres are their generally lower lignin content compared with woods (Grant 1958, Hurter 1988). Generally, non-woods are easier to pulp and thus are cooked at low temperatures with lower chemical charge. From a farming and. | virion ERA-NET SHARED KNOWLEDGE BASES FOR SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION POLICIES OPEN INNOVATION AND NANOTECHNOLOGY - AN OPPORTUNITY FOR TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIES Tuomo Nikulainen M. Sc. in Economics Etlatieto Ltd. ETLA The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy Lonnrotinkatu 4 B 00120 Helsinki Finland 11.4.2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract.1 1. INTRODUCTION.2 2. LIFE CYCLES AND R D COLLABORATION.4 2.1. Industry life cycles.4 2.2. Technology life cycles.4 2.3. R D collaboration and absorptive capacity.5 3. THE FINNISH PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY.7 3.1. Technological change in the paper and pulp industry.8 3.2. Nanotechnology and pulp and paper industry.10 4. DATA AND RESULTS.12 4.1. Technology life cycles.1 2 4.2. R D collaboration.13 4.3. Challenges in adopting nanotechnology.16 5. CONCLUSIONS.19 References.21 APPENDIX I - Detailed technology classifications VƯIOÍI ERA-NET Abstract This paper focuses on assessing modes of R D collaboration and technological lifecycles in the Finnish pulp and paper industry. This traditional and mature industry is currently going through changes due to market and technological developments. By observing industrial and technological lifecycles this paper aims to establish to what extent these changes affect the R D collaboration networks in the industry. The paper also provides insight how the incumbents in this industry change their innovation activities in the face of new science-based technology - nanotechnology. The quantitative and qualitative results suggest that the Finnish pulp and paper industry is adapting to the changing innovation environment by increasing in-ternal R D investments and extending and diversifying their R D collaboration networks. The results also indicate that nanotechnology is seen as a potential new source of business for the pulp and paper industry but requires investments to absorptive capacity in order to take advantage of new .
