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Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về hóa học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học đề tài : Driving a decade of change: HIV/AIDS, patents and access to medicines for all | JOURNALOF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY Hoen et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2011 14 15 http www.jiasociety.Org content 14 1 15 REVIEW Open Access Driving a decade of change HIV AIDS patents and access to medicines for all Ellen t Hoen1 Jonathan Berger2 Alexandra Calmy3 4 and Suerie Moon5 Abstract Since 2000 access to antiretroviral drugs to treat HIV infection has dramatically increased to reach more than five million people in developing countries. Essential to this achievement was the dramatic reduction in antiretroviral prices a result of global political mobilization that cleared the way for competitive production of generic versions of widely patented medicines. Global trade rules agreed upon in 1994 required many developing countries to begin offering patents on medicines for the first time. Government and civil society reaction to expected increases in drug prices precipitated a series of events challenging these rules culminating in the 2001 World Trade Organization s Doha Declaration on the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and Public Health. The Declaration affirmed that patent rules should be interpreted and implemented to protect public health and to promote access to medicines for all. Since Doha more than 60 low- and middle-income countries have procured generic versions of patented medicines on a large scale. Despite these changes however a treatment timebomb awaits. First increasing numbers of people need access to newer antiretrovirals but treatment costs are rising since new ARVs are likely to be more widely patented in developing countries. Second policy space to produce or import generic versions of patented medicines is shrinking in some developing countries. Third funding for medicines is falling far short of needs. Expanded use of the existing flexibilities in patent law and new models to address the second wave of the access to medicines crisis are required. One promising new mechanism is .
