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Henry Bessemer devised a quicker, more efficient way of making steel, which led to steel replacing cast iron as the metal of preference in making railroad tracks, military weapons, and structures like bridges and skyscrapers. His invention, the Bessemer furnace, or converter, enormously raised the annual production of steel in England and helped move along the Industrial Revolution, a period of fast-paced economic change that began in Great Britain in the middle of the eighteenth century. One of the first to adopt Bessemer’s steelmaking process wholeheartedly was American industrialist Andrew Carnegie (1835–1919; see entry), who built a world-class fortune as a result | Industrial Revolution Biographies Industrial Revolution Biographies James L. O Elisabeth M. Outman Matthew May Editor THOMSON GALE Industrial Revolution Biographies James L. Outman and Elisabeth M. Outman Project Editor Matthew May Editorial Allison McNeill Diane Sawinski Permissions Margaret Chamberlain 2003 by U X L. U X L is an imprint of The Gale Group Inc. a division of Thomson Learning Inc. U X L is a registered trademark used herein under license. Thomson Learning is a trademark used herein under license. For more information contact The Gale Group Inc. 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills MI 48331-3535 Or you can visit our Internet site at http www.gale.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means graphic electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording taping Web distribution or information Imaging and Multimedia Robert Duncan Lezlie Light Product Design Pamela A. E. Galbreath Michelle DiMercurio storage retrieval systems without the written permission of the publisher. For permission to use material from this product submit your request via Web at http www.gale-edit.com permis-sions or you may download our Permissions Request form and submit your request by fax or mail to Permissions Department The Gale Group Inc. 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills MI 48331-3535 Permissions Hotline 248-699-8006 or 800-877-4253 ext. 8006 Fax 248-699-8074 or 800-762-4058 Cover photograph of Ida Tarbell reproduced courtesy of the Library of Congress cover photograph of John D. Rockefeller reproduced by permission Composition Evi Seoud Manufacturing Rita Wimberley of Getty Images cover photograph of Samuel F. B. Morse reproduced courtesy of the Library of Congress back cover photograph of Henry Ford reproduced by permission of the American Automobile Manufacturers Association. While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication The
