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Steroid hormone receptors regulate gene transcription in a highly tissue-specific manner. The local chromatin structure underlying promoters and hormone response elements is a major component involved in controlling these highly restricted expression patterns. | IFEBS Journal MINIREVIEW Control of nuclear receptor function by local chromatin structure Malgorzata Wiench Tina B. Miranda and Gordon L. Hager Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression NationalCancer Institute Bethesda MD USA Keywords chromatin remodeling DNA methylation DNase I hypersensitivity enhancer histone modifications nuclear receptors nucleosome positioning promoter Correspondence G. L. Hager Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression National Cancer Institute NIH Building 41 B602 41 Library Drive Bethesda MD 20892-5055 USA Fax 1 301 496 4951 Tel 1 301 496 9867 E-mail hagerg@exchange.nih.gov Received 11 November 2010 revised 1 February 2011 accepted 17 February 2011 doi 10.1111 j.1742-4658.2011.08126.x Steroid hormone receptors regulate gene transcription in a highly tissuespecific manner. The local chromatin structure underlying promoters and hormone response elements is a major component involved in controlling these highly restricted expression patterns. Chromatin remodeling complexes as well as histone and DNA modifying enzymes are directed to gene-specific regions and create permissive or repressive chromatin environments. These structures further enable proper communication between transcription factors co-regulators and basic transcription machinery. The regulatory elements active at target genes can be either constitutively accessible to receptors or subject to rapid receptor-dependent modification. The chromatin states responsible for these processes are in turn determined during development and differentiation. Thus access of regulatory factors to elements in chromatin provides a major level of cell selective regulation. Introduction Steroid hormone receptors SHRs are transcription factors TFs that become activated after binding to steroid hormones. Upon activation SHRs regulate specific target genes in order to accomplish an appropriate physiological response. The transcriptional response is highly cell-specific and can be .
