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Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: High levels of nucleotide diversity and fast decline of linkage disequilibrium in rye (Secale cereale L.) genes involved in frost response | Li et al. BMC Plant Biology 2011 11 6 http www.biomedcentral.eom 1471-2229 11 6 BMC Plant Biology RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access High levels of nucleotide diversity and fast decline of linkage disequilibrium in rye Secale cereale L. genes involved in frost response 1 1 1 2 331 Yongle Li Grit Haseneyer Chris-Carolin Schon Donna Ankerst Viktor Korzun Peer Wilde Eva Bauer Abstract Background Rye Secale cereale L. is the most frost tolerant cereal species. As an outcrossing species rye exhibits high levels of intraspecific diversity which makes it well-suited for allele mining in genes involved in the frost responsive network. For investigating genetic diversity and the extent of linkage disequilibrium LD we analyzed eleven candidate genes and 37 microsatellite markers in 201 lines from five Eastern and Middle European rye populations. Results A total of 147 single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs and nine insertion-deletion polymorphisms were found within 7 639 bp of DNA sequence from eleven candidate genes resulting in an average SNP frequency of 1 SNP 52 bp. Nucleotide and haplotype diversity of candidate genes were high with average values n 5.6 X 10-3 and Hd 0.59 respectively. According to an analysis of molecular variance AMOVA most of the genetic variation was found between individuals within populations. Haplotype frequencies varied markedly between the candidate genes. ScCbf14 ScVrnl and ScDhnl were dominated by a single haplotype while the other 8 genes ScCbf2 ScCbf6 ScCbf9b ScCbfll ScCbf12 ScCbf15 ScIce2 and ScDhn3 had a more balanced haplotype frequency distribution. Intra-genic LD decayed rapidly within approximately 520 bp on average. Genome-wide LD based on microsatellites was low. Conclusions The Middle European population did not differ substantially from the four Eastern European populations in terms of haplotype frequencies or in the level of nucleotide diversity. The low LD in rye compared to self-pollinating species promises a high resolution in .
