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Trong thập kỷ qua, trong một nỗ lực để xác định một cách tiếp cận đa ngành toàn cầu, vấn đề môi trường khu vực và địa phương đe dọa xã hội và kinh tế cũng như của người dân, nghiên cứu đáng kể đã được thực hiện vào các liên kết giữa các môi trường, bần cùng hóa và xung đột. Luận án, rộng rãi quy định, là môi trường suy thoái thường được cắt xén tiềm năng kinh tế và sức khỏe con người, đó, lần lượt, giúp nhiên liệu bạo lực, xung đột dân sự và căng thẳng chính trị (Hình 9.1). Các. | Part Two Environment Quality 2003 by CRC Press LLC 9 Environmental Conflict and Agricultural Intensification in India Gurneeta Vasudeva CONTENTS Environmental Scarcity and Conflict Population Growth and Food Supply The Rural-Urban Divide Environmental Degradation Pressures on Land and Water Resources River-Water Sharing Disputes Conclusions and Recommendations Human Resource Development Institutional Mechanisms Public-Private Partnerships Equitable Access to Land and Water Resources Technological Interventions An Integrated Approach References ENVIRONMENTAL SCARCITY AND CONFLICT Over the past decade in an effort to define a multidisciplinary approach to global regional and local environmental problems that threaten the social and economic well-being of people considerable research has been conducted on the links among environment impoverishment and conflict. The thesis broadly stated is that environmental degradation often undercuts economic potential and human well-being which in turn helps fuel violence civil strife and political tensions Figure 9.1 . Various studies have analyzed causal links between environmental change and conflict with a focus on developing countries which are most likely to exhibit environmental conflict in the future as a result of the growing pressure on the already scarce natural resources see de Soysa I. and Gleditsch N.P. 1999 Vest G.D. and Leitz-mann K.M. 1999 Homer-Dixon T.F. Boutwell J.H. and Rathjens G.W. 1993 . 2003 by CRC Press LLC FIGURE 9.1 Causal Links between environmental change and conflict. The obstacles to developing a conceptual clarity regarding conflict induced by environmental degradation and resource scarcity are quite formidable. Among the elusive elements in this process is an acceptable definition of conflict itself. Ashok Swain has defined conflict as a pervasive social process that occurs at all levels between states between groups and between the state and a group Swain A. 1996 . While most definitions include a
