Đang chuẩn bị nút TẢI XUỐNG, xin hãy chờ
Tải xuống
Tham khảo tài liệu 'urban transport and hybrid vehiclesedited part 9', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Analysis of the Regenerative Braking System for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle using Electro-Mechanical Brakes 153 2. HEV powertrain modeling Figure 3 shows the structure of the HEV investigated in this paper. The power source of this HEV is a 1.4 liter internal combustion engine and a 24 kW electric motor connected to one of the axes. The transmission and braking system are an Automated Manual Transmission AMT and an EMB system with pedal stroke simulator respectively. EMB supplies braking torque to all four wheels independently and the pedal stroke simulator mimics the feeling of the brake pedal on the driver s foot. Fig. 3. Configuration of HEV braking control system The vehicle controller determines the regenerative braking torque and the EMB torque according to various driving conditions such as driver input vehicle velocity battery State of Charge SOC and motor characteristics. The Motor Control Unit MCU controls the regenerative braking torque through command signals from the vehicle controller. The Brake Control Unit BCU receives input from the driver via an electronic pedal and stroke simulator then transmits the braking command signals to each EMB. This is determined by the regenerative braking control algorithm from the value of remaining braking torque minus the regenerative braking torque. The braking friction torque is generated when the EMB in each wheel creates a suitable braking torque for the motor the torque is then transmitted through the gear mechanism to the caliper Ahn et al. 2009 . 2.1 Engine Figure 4 shows the engine characteristic map used in this paper. The complicated characteristics of this engine are due to many factors such as fuel injection time ignition time and combustion process. This study uses an approximated model along with the steady state characteristic curve shown in Figure 4. The dynamics of the engine can be expressed in the following equation 154 Urban Transport and Hybrid Vehicles Je03e - Te d e - Tloss - Tclubh 1 where Je .