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Tham khảo tài liệu 'biosensors edited bypier andrea serra part 6', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 118 Biosensors additional immunoreagents Fig. 1B and also more complex manipulation. The limits of detection required for sufficiently sensitive assay of microbial agents in the form of bioaerosols in air are hard to achieve a partial improvement can be expected due to the collection systems capturing microbes from the air to the liquid phase cyclones though this was not yet demonstrated for Francisell tularensis. Principle Assay details LOD CFU ml Length min Reference optical bidiffractive grating biosensor D ID M R 3104 50 O Brien et al. 2000 RAPTOR fiber optic biosensor ID M R 1105 10 Anderson et al. 2000 fluorescence immunosensor ID M R 5105 15 Taitt et al. 2002 piezoelectric immunosensor D IgM clusters 5106 35 Pohanka Skládal 2005 optial protein chip sandwich ID M 2106 60 Huelseweh et al. 2006 magnetic biosensor sandwich freq. mixing ID R 1104 60 Meyer et al. 2007 piezoelectric immunosensor D 1105 5 Pohanka Skládal 2007 electrochemical immunosensor ID M 1000 25 Skládal et al. 2006 Table 1. Immunosensors proposed for detection of Francisella tularensis. Abbreviations format D direct ID indirect with label R repeated use M multianalyte. LOD limit of detection 4. Immunosensor for detection of tularemia As it was mentioned above the detection of cells of Francisella is currently not satisfactory compared to the high infectivity when only few aspirated microbes start the disease. However the progress of the disease after infection takes few days before clinical symptoms become manifested. Thus as an alternative to the rather complicated detection of few microbes an early identification of preclinical symptoms in infected individuals should be considered. In fact tularemia can be treated with antibiotics effectively if detected shortly after infection. An early detection of the infection in the pre-clinical phase thus can be very valuable for the cases when the detection of microbes fails due to low contents under LOD of the assay. This task should employ .