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Tham khảo tài liệu 'seamanship techniques 2011 e part 15', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Tanker Work and Oil Pollution 263 Í Vapour flow during loading i IG flow during purging 1 discharging Isolating valves Vents to atmosphere Permanent ballast tanks Figure 10.8 Gas venting system. vessel may also use hydraulic oil for operating certain machinery. Oil leaks and seepages can form an almost invisible sheen on decks which can be like ice. If water is present also i.e. rain or sea water then the situation becomes even more dangerous. During operations on deck there is often the temptation to run from one area to another especially if urged on by other persons. Running must be avoided as all the various dangers are accentuated for a running person. If you are being relied upon to complete an operation and you run to do it and fall there is a very good chance you will be at least unconscious everyone is then in danger since the operation is out of immediate control. If you were walking and fell it is far less likely that you would be totally disabled and apart from a few second s delay the operation could be completed. 264 Seamanship Techniques Purge pipe air vapour outlet Figure 10.9 Cargo tank ventilation. Inlet for Inert Gas Figure 10.10 Gas-freeing Axia fan. Because inert gas is low in oxygen content generally 5 per cent or less it not only reduces fire hazards but also forms an asphyxiation risk. The human body is used to air containing 21 per cent oxygen and the average exhaled air is still in the region of 17 per cent oxygen below 17 per cent content the air is no longer adequate for active life and as the percentage falls the danger of death by asphyxiation rises. Where the presence of inert gas is suspected the atmosphere should be tested for oxygen content before entry if in doubt as to whether inert gas could or has been present test anyway see Figure 10.11 . The compartment in question should also be continuously ventilated with fresh air. Skin Contact with Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons are dangerous in many ways and in varying degrees depending on
