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Tham khảo tài liệu 'the grammar of the english verb phrase part 34', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 224 5. The absolute use of the present perfect Figure 5.3. Representation of the up-to-now reading. Figure 5.4. Representation of the continuative reading. interpretations. Whichever interpretation is selected in connection with the time of the full situation the semantics of the present perfect is always The situation time is located in the pre-present zone i. e. The pre-present zone contains the situation time . As noted in 5.2.3 this leads to two possible T-interpretations viz. situation time wholly before t0 the time of the predicated situation is included in the pre-present and situation time up to t0 the time of the predicated situation is co-extensive with the pre-present . Each of the three context-dependent W-interpretations has to fit in with one of these. 5.4.4 The following is a summary of what has been said so far about the temporal W-interpretations a The indefinite reading implies that the time of the full situation and hence the situation time is located at some indefinite time in the course of the pre-present and does not include or coincide with the terminal point of the pre-present which lies right before t0. This is the W-reading that corresponds with the T-interpretation The situation time is included in the pre-present . The indefinite reading means that the full situation is interpreted as W-bounded and thus the predicated situation time is the same as the full situation i. e. the predicated situation occupies the same interval as the full situation and is interpreted as over at t0. This is true not only if the present perfect form is nonstative and nonprogressive as in He has played football but also if the II. The temporal W-interpretations of present perfect clauses 225 present perfect form is stative as in I ve been happy or progressive as in I ve sometimes been watching a film on TV when Bill suddenly rang at my door where the situation functions as background situation for a W-bounding intervening or interrupting situation see section d
