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Introduction: Chemical weapons (chemical warfare agents), such as sarin and soman, were developed to kill or injure humans by their toxic actions. They are called “nuclear weapon of the poor”, because the weapons are relatively stable during storage, cheap for production and relatively easily synthesized with basic knowledge on organic chemistry. Main advanced countries are making efforts to reduce chemical weapons existing in the world on the basis of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), after the Iran-Iraq War and the Gulf War. In 1990, an incident of human injury using mustard (yperite) took place at a usual residence at Komagome,. | 8.1 II.8.1 Sarin and its decomposition products by Hiroaki Ando and Yoshihiko Miyata Introduction Chemical weapons chemical warfare agents such as sarin and soman were developed to kill or injure humans by their toxic actions. They are called nuclear weapon of the poor because the weapons are relatively stable during storage cheap for production and relatively easily synthesized with basic knowledge on organic chemistry. Main advanced countries are making efforts to reduce chemical weapons existing in the world on the basis of the Chemical Weapons Convention CWC after the Iran-Iraq War and the Gulf War. In 1990 an incident of human injury using mustard yperite took place at a usual residence at Komagome Tokyo. In 1994 and 1995 unprecedented sarin poisoning terrorism took place in Matsumoto and Tokyo Japan and surprised the whole world in the fear that similar chemical terrorism would be reproduced in other countries. Also in 1994 an attorney-at-low and his family were killed using VX in Osaka Japan. The above sarin and VX incidents were found committed by the same cult group. These incidents show that chemical weapons can be used not only for wars but also can be convenient means of crimes. To cope with such crimes using chemical weapons such as yperite and sarin various preventive measures should be taken on the basis of the Revised Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Law and the Chemical Weapons Banning Law of Japan when such an incident happens proper and rapid actions should be taken to minimize the damages. In the list of scheduled chemicals being defined by CWC there are toxic chemicals and precursors for each of Schedules 1-3. In this chapter the word chemicals is used for such scheduled chemicals for simplicity. Before analysis of the chemicals it is essential to get to know their histories methods of synthesis properties directions for use toxicities therapeutic methods stabilities and analytical methods. The chemicals directly act on organisms .
