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In this chapter we aim to explain the principles and evolutions of the testing and type approval of the GSM Mobile Equipment (ME). After having recalled the context at the end of the 1980s (paragraph 17.2), we outline the technical background (paragraph 17.3) and we explain the first step of the type approval, i.e. the ‘‘interim type approval’’(paragraph 17.4). Then we describe the TBR regime (paragraph 17.5) and how it evolved to cope with phase 2 (paragraph 17.6) and phase 21 (paragraph 17.7) | GSM and UMTS The Creation of Global Mobile Communication Edited by Friedhelm Hillebrand Copyright 2001 John Wiley Sons Ltd ISBNs 0-470-84322-5 Hardback 0-470-845546 Electronic Chapter 17 Testing and Type Approval of the Mobile Stations Remi Thomas and David Barnes1 17.1 Introduction In this chapter we aim to explain the principles and evolutions of the testing and type approval of the GSM Mobile Equipment ME . After having recalled the context at the end of the 1980s paragraph 17.2 we outline the technical background paragraph 17.3 and we explain the first step of the type approval i.e. the interim type approval paragraph 17.4 . Then we describe the TBR regime paragraph 17.5 and how it evolved to cope with phase 2 paragraph 17.6 and phase 2 paragraph 17.7 . We explain the work of two committees namely ETSI SMG7 and TAAB paragraph 17.8 we give some hints regarding the test tools paragraph 17.9 . Finally in the conclusion paragraph 17.10 we consider the achievements of the GSM type approval and we rapidly explain how the principles of the GSM conformity testing are presently reused by 3GPP for the conformity testing of the UMTS terminals. 17.2 The First Steps in 1988-1990 To understand the ideas underlying the first actions for GSM Mobile Stations GSM MS testing it is necessary to recall some elements which were agreed by the GSM community already at the end of the 1980s ME and SIM together form the GSM MS the Subscriber Identity Module SIM is a chip card provided by the network operator to the mobile subscriber this card contains in particular all the subscription related data Unlike to the SIM card the ME is not under the control of the network operator therefore the network operators have to ensure through some testing process that the MEs will be able to provide service and will not cause any damage to the network. There were therefore two overriding criteria. Firstly the MSs from different manufacturers should interwork with all networks. Secondly the GSM .