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What is the nature of measurement? Describe the steps that are involved. Explain the three levels of measurement and their differences. What are the notions of validity and reliability? Why are they so critically important to the concept of measurement? These are the topics of chapter 9. | Chapter Nine 9-1 Measurement: The process of assigning numbers or labels to persons, objects, or events in accordance with specific rules for representing quantities or qualities or attributes. The guide, method, or command that tells a researcher what to do. Measurement Process Rule: 9-2 Key Terms & Definitions Constructs: Specific types of concepts that exist at higher levels of abstraction. The professor should give some concrete examples of each of these definitions and point out the differences among them. The Measurement Process 9-3 Key Terms & Definitions The professor could add definitions or examples to any of these steps. Levels of Measurement Nominal: Scales that partition data into mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive categories. Ordinal: Scales that maintain the labeling characteristics of nominal scales and have the ability to order data. Interval: Scales that have the characteristics of ordinal scales, plus equal intervals between points to show relative . | Chapter Nine 9-1 Measurement: The process of assigning numbers or labels to persons, objects, or events in accordance with specific rules for representing quantities or qualities or attributes. The guide, method, or command that tells a researcher what to do. Measurement Process Rule: 9-2 Key Terms & Definitions Constructs: Specific types of concepts that exist at higher levels of abstraction. The professor should give some concrete examples of each of these definitions and point out the differences among them. The Measurement Process 9-3 Key Terms & Definitions The professor could add definitions or examples to any of these steps. Levels of Measurement Nominal: Scales that partition data into mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive categories. Ordinal: Scales that maintain the labeling characteristics of nominal scales and have the ability to order data. Interval: Scales that have the characteristics of ordinal scales, plus equal intervals between points to show relative amounts; they may include an arbitrary zero point. Ratio: Scales that have the characteristics of interval scales, plus a meaningful zero point so that magnitudes can be compared arithmetically. 9-4 Key Terms & Definitions Many good examples of each of these along with questions on a questionnaire that illustrate each one are helpful. Classification Type Data: Yes or no questions Nouns in general Gender Race / Ethnicity Occupation Text open-ended questions Analysis Approach: Cross tabulations / Percentages Sums and frequency counts One can’t tell the relative value of responses Scales that partition data into mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive categories. Nominal Data 9-5 Key Terms & Definitions Ranking Type Data: Best liked, worst liked Win, place, or show First, second, third Small, medium, and large Comparisons rankings - “rank these movies from best to worst” Analysis Approach: Cross tabulations, sums and frequency counts Percentages, mode, mean for some types One can .
