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Media skills play an increasingly important role in the gathering and sharing of ideas and information. At the core of media mastery are the same fundamental capacities as are required “offline” in traditional print forms: an ability to produce clear communications and an ability to access, understand, and evaluate complex materials and messages. Media mastery also calls upon some skills unique to the online environment, ranging from being able to conduct digital-based research to exchanging and debating ideas in online discussions to interacting with new text forms. In the electronic world, reading and writing are. | Research Report DFE-RR238 Department for Education What is the research evidence on writing Education Standards Research Team Department for Education What is the research evidence on writing This evidence note Synthesizes statistical and research evidence on writing including domestic and international sources in five areas pupils achievement effective teaching gender gap pupils attitudes and writing as an activity outside school. Identifies key gaps in the evidence base. 1 Table of contents 1. Key findings.3 2. Introduction.7 3. What is the profile of pupils achievement in writing .7 3.1 Pre-school attainment.8 3.2 Key Stage 1.8 3.3 Key Stage 2.9 3.4 Key Stage 3.9 3.5 Key Stage 4.10 3.6 International evidence.10 3.7 What are the predictors of pupils attainment and progress in writing .11 4. Teaching of writing.12 4.1 Approaches for effective whole-class teaching . 12 4.2 Approaches for struggling writers and pupils with Special Educational Need and Disabilities SEND .15 4.3 Evidence from classroom observations and school inspections.16 4.4 What do we know about teaching practice and pupils views in primary schools .17 5. What do we know about the gender gap in writing .19 5.1 What are the reasons for the gender gap in writing .19 5.2 Strategies for helping boys with writing.20 6. Writing as an activity out of school.21 6.1 The role of new technology in literacy outcomes.21 6.2 Enjoyment of writing.22 6.3 Attitudes to writing .23 6.4 Frequency and types of writing activity .25 7. What are the evidence gaps .26 8. References .27 9. Annex A detailed analysis of pupils achievement in writing.31 10. Annex B examples of techniques within the four purposes of writing.42
