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Practically every industrial process requires objects to be moved, manipulated or be subjected to some form of force. This is generally accomplished by means of electrical equipment (such as motors or solenoids), or via devices driven by air (pneumatics) or liquids (hydraulics). | Hydraulics and Pneumatics by Andrew A. Parr ISBN 0750644192 Publisher Elsevier Science Technology Books Pub. Date March 1999 Preface Machines should work people should think The IBM Pollyanna Principle Practically every industrial process requires objects to be moved manipulated or be subjected to some form of force. This is generally accomplished by means of electrical equipment such as motors or solenoids or via devices driven by air pneumatics or liquids hydraulics . Traditionally pneumatics and hydraulics are thought to be a mechanical engineer s subject and are generally taught as such in colleges . In practice techniques and more important the faultfinding methodology tend to be more akin to the ideas used in electronics and process control. This book has been written by a process control engineer as a guide to the operation of hydraulic and pneumatics systems. It is intended for engineers and technicians who wish to have an insight into the components and operation of a pneumatic or hydraulic system. The mathematical content has been deliberately kept simple with the aim of making the book readable rather than rigorous. It is not therefore a design manual and topics such as sizing of pipes and valves have been deliberately omitted. This second edition has been updated to include recent developments such as the increasing use of proportional valves and includes an expanded section on industrial safety. Andrew Parr Isle of Sheppey ea_parr @ compuserve.com Table of Contents Preface 1 Fundamental principles 1 Industrial prime movers 1 A brief system comparison 2 Definition of terms 7 Pascal s law 17 Pressure measurement 21 Fluid flow 23 Temperature 28 Gas laws 31 2 Hydraulic pumps and pressure regulation 34 Pressure regulation 39 Pump types 42 Loading valves 51 Filters 52 3 Air compressors air treatment and pressure regulation 55 Compressor types 58 Air receivers and compressor control 66 Air treatment 69 Pressure regulation 77 Service units 82 4 Control valves
