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WGO practice guideline: Needle stick injury and accidental exposure to blood

Document presentation of content: Risks, avoiding needlestick injury and avoiding infection, immediate action after needlestick injury, treatment approaches, implementation and registration, literature references, links to useful websites. | WGO Practice Guideline Needle Stick Injury and Accidental Exposure to Blood Sections 1. Definitions 2. Risks 3. Avoiding needlestick injury and avoiding infection 4. Immediate action after needlestick injury 5. Treatment approaches 6. Implementation and Registration 7. Literature References 8. Links to Useful Websites 9. Queries and Feedback from You Definitions Needlestick Injury the accidental puncture of the skin by a needle during a medical intervention Accidental exposure to blood the unintended contact with blood and or with body fluids mixed with blood during a medical intervention. 2. Risks Accidental exposure to blood caused by needle injuries or injuries following cutting biting or splashing incidents carries the risk of infection by blood-borne viruses such as the hepatitis B virus HBV hepatitis C virus HCV and human immunodeficiency virus HIV . HBV risk 5 - 40 HCV risk 3 - 10 HIV risk 0.2 - 0.5 HBV prevalence is higher than average in intravenous drug users homosexual men and in people from developing countries. HCV prevalence is higher in people who have had multiple blood transfusions in dialysis patients and intravenous drug users. HIV prevalence is also higher in homosexual men in intravenous drug users and in people from areas where the condition is endemic. Accidental contact with blood occurs especially in the following situations 1. During re-capping 2. During surgery especially during wound closure 3. During biopsy 4. When an uncapped needle has ended up in bed linen surgery clothing etc 5. When taking an unsheathed used needle to the waste container 6. During the cleaning up and transporting of waste material 7. When using more complex collection injection techniques 8. In A E Accident and Emergency departments 9. In high-stress interventions diagnostic or therapeutic endoscopy in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding Although this does not occur very often there are other blood-borne microorganisms which can be transmitted via blood .