Đang chuẩn bị liên kết để tải về tài liệu:
DEVELOPMENT OF GUIDELINES FOR WATER CONSERVATION IN PULP AND PAPER SECTOR

The extent of pollution and toxicity depends upon the raw material used, pulping method, and pulp bleaching process adapted by the pulp and paper mills. For example, the pollution load from hardwood is lower than softwood. On the other hand, the spent liquor generated from pulping of nonwood fiber has a high silica content. Volumes of wastewater discharged may vary from near zero to 400 m3 per ton of pulp depending on the raw material used, manufacturing process, and size of the mill [6]. Thus, the variability of effluent characteristics and volume from one mill to another emphasizes the requirement for a variety of pollution prevention and treatment. | FINAL REPORT ON DEVELOPMENT OF GUIDELINES FOR WATER CONSERVATION IN PULP AND PAPER SECTOR Sponsored by CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD Delhi Submitted by Environment Group NATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY COUNCIL New Delhi March 2006 TABLE OF CONTENT SL. NO. TITLE PAGE NO Chapter 1 Background 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Objective of the study 2 1.3 Scope of work 2 1.4 Methodology 3 Chapter 2 Industry Profil e Pulp and Paper 2.1 Status of Pulp and Paper Mills in India 5 2.2 Classification of Pulp and Paper Mills in the country 11 Chapter 3 Manufacturing Processes 3.1 Generalised Paper Paper board making process 16 3.2 Different industrial processes in pulp and paper sector 17 3.3 Chemical recovery from black liquor 36 Chapter 4 Water consumption pattern in other countries 48 Chapter 5 Present Water consumption pattern prevailing in pulp and paper sector in India 5.1 Background 52 5.2 Water consumption Scenario 52 5.3 Water consumption Norms Standards for paper and pulp 52 5.4 Water consumption Latest Trends 54 Chapter 6 Unit Process operation specific water consumption factors 6.1 Background 58 6.2 Existing Water Consumption Status 62 Chapter 7 Formulation of Standards for water consumption by different categories of pulp and paper manufacturing units 7.1 Background 79 7.2 Proposed categaries of pulp anf paper mills for standards 78 7.3 Proposed types of Water consumption standards 82 7.4 Development of category specific water consumption standards 83 7.5 Proprosed category specific wastewater discharge standards 90 Chapter 8 Water conservation options identified for different categories of pulp and paper mills 92 Conclusion 115 Annexure I Copy of Questionnaire Annexure II List of pulp and paper mills in India Annexure III Compilation of Questionnaire data STUDY TEAM PROJECT ADVISOR Dr. A. K. Saxena Group Head TEAM LEADER Mr. Rajat Gupta Senior Consultant TEAM MEMBERS Mr. K. K. Sinha Senior Consultant Ms. Shukla Pal SeniorConsultant Mr. S. Baskaran Consultant From other Regional .