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To tackle the problem of presenting a large number of options in spoken dialogue systems, we identify compelling options based on a model of user preferences, and present tradeoffs between alternative options explicitly. Multiple attractive options are structured such that the user can gradually refine her request to find the optimal tradeoff. We show that our approach presents complex tradeoffs understandably, increases overall user satisfaction, and significantly improves the user’s overview of the available options. Moreover, our results suggest that presenting users with a brief summary of the irrelevant options increases users’ confidence in having heard about all relevant. | Information Presentation in Spoken Dialogue Systems Vera Demberg Institute for Natural Language Processing IMS University of Stuttgart D-70174 Stuttgart V.Demberg@gmx.de Johanna D. Moore School of Informatics University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH8 9LW Gb J.Moore@ed.ac.uk Abstract To tackle the problem of presenting a large number of options in spoken dialogue systems we identify compelling options based on a model of user preferences and present tradeoffs between alternative options explicitly. Multiple attractive options are structured such that the user can gradually refine her request to find the optimal tradeoff. We show that our approach presents complex tradeoffs understandably increases overall user satisfaction and significantly improves the user s overview of the available options. Moreover our results suggest that presenting users with a brief summary of the irrelevant options increases users confidence in having heard about all relevant options. 1 Introduction The goal of spoken dialogue systems SDS is to offer efficient and natural access to applications and services such as email and calendars travel and entertainment booking and product recommendation. In evaluating nine SDS in the DARPA Communicator domain flight hotel and rental car hire Walker et al. 2001 found that 1 shorter task duration correlates with higher user satisfaction and 2 the information presentation phase of dialogues is the primary contributor to dialogue duration. During this phase the typical system enumerates the set of options that match the user s constraints as shown in Figure 1. The user can then refine these options by offering new constraints. When the number of options to be presented is large this process can be painstaking leading to reduced user satisfaction. Moreover as S I found 28 round trips from Edinburgh to Brussels on October 31st and returning Edinburgh on November 6th. For option 1 I have an outbound flight with KLM departing at 7 am and arriving at 8 49 am .
