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This paper describes an architecture for performing anaphora resolution in a flexible way. Systems which conform to these guidelines are wellencapsulated and portable, and can be used to compare anaphora resolution techniques for new language understanding applications. Our implementation of the architecture in a pronoun resolution testing platform demonstrates the flexibility of the approach. | Proceedings of EACL 99 A Flexible Architecture for Reference Resolution Donna K. Byron and Joel R. Tetreault Department of Computer Science University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627 U.S.A. dbyron tetreaulêcs.rochester.edu Abstract This paper describes an architecture for performing anaphora resolution in a flexible way. Systems which conform to these guidelines are well-encapsulated and portable and can be used to compare anaphora resolution techniques for new language understanding applications. Our implementation of the architecture in a pronoun resolution testing platform demonstrates the flexibility of the approach. 1 Introduction When building natural language understanding systems choosing the best technique for anaphora resolution is a challenging task. The system builder must decide whether to adopt an existing technique or design a new approach. A huge variety of techniques are described in the literature many of them achieving high success rates on their own evaluation texts cf. Hobbs 1986 Strube 1998 Mitkov 1998 . Each technique makes different assumptions about the data available to reference resolution for example some assume perfect parses others assume only POS-tagged input some assume semantic information is available etc. The chances are high that no published technique will exactly match the data available to a particular system s reference resolution component so it may The authors thank James Allen for help on this project as well as the anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the paper. This material is based on work supported by USAF Rome Labs contract F30602-95-1-0025 ONR grant N00014-95-1-1088 and Columbia Univ grant OPG 1307. not be apparent which method will work best. Choosing a technique is especially problematic for designers of dialogue systems trying to predict how anaphora resolution techniques developed for written monologue will perform when adapted for spoken dialogue. In an ideal world the system designer would implement and
