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Narrative passages told from a character's perspective convey the character's thoughts and perceptions. We present a discourse process that recognizes characters' thoughts and perceptions in third-person narrative. An effect of perspective on reference In narrative is addressed: references in passages told from the perspective of a character reflect the character's beliefs. An algorithm that uses the results of our discourse process to understand references w i t h respect to an appropriate set of beliefs is presented. . | A COMPUTATIONAL THEORY OF PERSPECTIVE AND REFERENCE IN NARRATIVE Janyce M. Wiebe and William J. Rapaport Department of Computer Science State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14260 wiebe@cs.buffalo.edu rapaport@cs.buffalo.edu ABSTRACT Narrative passages told from a character s perspective convey the character s thoughts and perceptions. We present a discourse process that recognizes characters thoughts and perceptions in third-person narrative. An effect of perspective on reference in narrative is addressed references In passages told from the perspective of a character reflect the character s beliefs. An algorithm that uses the results of our discourse process to understand references with respect to an appropriate set of beliefs is presented. 1. INTRODUCTION. A narrative is often told from the perspective of one or more of its characters it can also contain passages that are not told from the perspective of any character. We present a computational theory of how readers recognize the current perspective in third-person narrative and of the effects of perspective on die way readers understand references in third-person narrative. We consider published novels and short stories rather than artificially constructed narratives. 2. BANFIELD S THEORY. Our notion of perspective in narrative is based on Ann Banfield s 1982 categorization of the sentences of narration into subjective and objective sentences. Subjective sentences include those that portray a character s thoughts represented thought or present a scene as a character perceives it represented perception . Objective sentences present the story directly rather than through the thoughts or perceptions of a character. The language used to convey thoughts and perceptions is replete with linguistic elements that make no sense unless they are interpreted with respect to the thinking or perceiving character s consciousness. Banfield calls them subjective elements they appear only in subjective sentences .
