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The standard pipeline approach to semantic processing, in which sentences are morphologically and syntactically resolved to a single tree before they are interpreted, is a poor fit for applications such as natural language interfaces. This is because the environment information, in the form of the objects and events in the application’s runtime environment, cannot be used to inform parsing decisions unless the input sentence is semantically analyzed, but this does not occur until after parsing in the single-tree semantic architecture. . | Computational properties of environment-based disambiguation William Schuler Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19103 schuler@linc.cis.upenn.edu Abstract The standard pipeline approach to semantic processing in which sentences are morphologically and syntactically resolved to a single tree before they are interpreted is a poor fit for applications such as natural language interfaces. This is because the environment information in the form of the objects and events in the application s runtime environment cannot be used to inform parsing decisions unless the input sentence is semantically analyzed but this does not occur until after parsing in the single-tree semantic architecture. This paper describes the computational properties of an alternative architecture in which semantic analysis is performed on all possible interpretations during parsing in polynomial time. 1 Introduction Shallow semantic processing applications comparing argument structures to search patterns or filling in simple templates can achieve respectable results using the standard pipeline approach to semantics in which sentences are morphologically and syntactically resolved to a single tree before being interpreted. Putting disambiguation ahead of semantic evaluation is reasonable in these applications because they are primarily run on content like newspaper text or dictated speech where no machine-readable contextual information is readily available to provide semantic guidance for disambiguation. This single-tree semantic architecture is a poor fit for applications such as natural language interfaces however in which a large amount of contextual information is available in the form of the ob jects and events in the application s run-time environment. This is because the environment information cannot be used to inform parsing and disambiguation decisions unless the input sentence is semantically analyzed but this does not occur until after
