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(BQ) Part 2 book "Gastrointestinal physiology" presents the following contents: Physiology of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas-"Getting By" with some help from your friends; nutrient exchange-matching digestion and absorption; salt and water-intestinal water and electrolyte transport; gastrointestinal manometry-tales of the intrepid transducer. | Chapter 5 Physiology of the Liver Gallbladder and Pancreas Getting By with Some Help from Your Friends 5.1 Introduction Lipids are necessary for many important processes in the body. Here we discuss how the digestion and absorption of lipids require the adequate synthesis of primary bile acids and bile salts and the circulation of the bile salts between the intestine and the liver enterohepatic . Let us examine the function of the three cell types within the liver as well as the key biosynthetic pathways for bile acids and bile salts in order to better understand their roles in lipid digestion and absorption. 5.2 Liver 5.2.1 Function of the Three Main Cell Types Within the Liver The three main cell types within the liver include hepatocytes 75 of the liver mass sinusoidal lining cells Kupffer cells stellate cells and endothelial cells and cells that form the bile ducts. Hepatocytes uniquely produce their own structural proteins and intracellular enzymes in addition to fibrinogen prothrombin group clotting factors and albumin. Hepatocytes also mainly produce transferrin glycoproteins lipoproteins and ceruloplasmin. The rough endoplasmic reticulum a hepatocyte organelle is the site of protein synthesis. Once the proteins form both the smooth reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum play a role in the secretion of the formed proteins. The endoplasmic reticulum also plays an important role in the conjugation of proteins to carbohydrate and lipid moieties modified or made in the hepatocytes. Glucose homeostasis depends on hepatocyte functions. After food is absorbed in the small intestine the portal system carries the primary dietary carbohydrates i.e. glucose fructose and galactose to the liver. After uptake by hepatocytes these E. Trowers and M. Tischler Gastrointestinal Physiology 81 DOI 10.1007 978-3-319-07164-0_5 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 82 5 Physiology of the Liver Gallbladder and Pancreas Getting. carbohydrates are converted by .
