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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 63. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is today the leading technique for chemical analysis and related applications, with an ability to separate, analyze, and/or purify virtually any sample. Snyder and Kirkland's Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography has long represented the premier reference to HPLC. This Third Edition, with John Dolan as added coauthor, addresses important improvements in columns and equipment, as well as major advances in our understanding of HPLC separation, our ability to solve problems that were troublesome in the past, and the application of HPLC for new kinds of samples. . | 576 BIOCHEMICAL AND SYNTHETIC POLYMER SEPARATIONS X -O-PO2-O- phosphate base Chain-1 Chain-2 Figure 13-4 Schematic diagram of the helical structure of DNA showing hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs. of a double-stranded nucleic aciddepends on the contribution of many individual interactions.Under physiological conditions hydrogen bonding and stacking interactions aePwrcubeiee rtcOOcie the helical structure. Exposure of the helix to elevated temperature or extremes of pH can induce separation of the two strands. Single-stranded nucleic acids may form intramolecular base-paired segments if they have regions yf mternalcompScmentarity thesestsdctuces cts bcdisoooiotdd Cy head or chemicolty depcsurine condilicnt. 13.2.3 CarSohydretec Polysacchtsidespiac a corieryeSruteethseughyutthrbiosphore.Gluryse homocolyr mers providrmitntiooal stotage indcth emmals and plants. Glycogen a large branched polymer of glucose residues linked by main-chain a-1 4 glycosidic bonds is the sugat-storrge enriry mammals Starch the gat-storage polymer in plants consists ofunbsrnchcd ymylasc or branched chains amylopectin of glucose with a-1 4 linkacetiBoty giecogsa srS seatcO s xesi .8 11.10 8 00001 1 10001 111. structural hpScsadcdaeidetn plcmts IsaSineas poiytaccheride with H 4glyrotidic linkages. 13.2 MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AN D CONFORMATION 577 Oligosaccharides play important functional roles as components of glycoproteins including integral membrane proteins and many secreted proteins such as antibodies and clotting factors. Oligosaccharides participate in immune cell recognition and cell-cell communication and also contribute to protein stability and the maintenance of cell structure. Oligosaccharides are added as co-translational or post-translational modificationstoproteins and arecovalentlylinked to the side chaîne nt seeinaor theeonine O-lioked oligosacchaaipes orthe trdechaid of asparasdec .N-iiakea oiiposacekarides . Theooddominans sognse in clynopeo-teins Fig. P3.d era
