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Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 32 provides a wide variety of perspectives on both traditional and more recent views of Earth's resources. It serves as a bridge connecting the domains of resource exploitation, environmentalism, geology, and biology, and it explains their interrelationships in terms that students and other nonspecialists can understand. The articles in this set are extremely diverse, with articles covering soil, fisheries, forests, aluminum, the Industrial Revolution, the U.S. Department of the Interior, the hydrologic cycle, glass, and placer mineral deposits. . | 280 Deforestation Global Resources their forests their consumption patterns have led to the continuing deforestation of the tropics. Impact of Deforestation Deforestation has several directly observable impacts on and long-term consequences for the environment. Clearing of forests without suitable replanting decreases timber supplies often leads to potential degradation of the soil and water reduces species diversity and may contribute to long-term climatic change. In addition there are often negative impacts on indigenous populations who are forced to move or subsist on substandard land. Because of reforestation projects forest cover in the United States and Western Europe began growing in 1990 in spite of population pressure. However in the tropics the rate of deforestation began accelerating in 1990. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization reports that Brazil for example lost 423 033 square kilometers of Amazonian forest roughly the size of California from 1990 to 2005. Although the rate of decrease had slowed dramatically by 2007 the deforestation rate in Amazonia increased by 3.8 percent from August 2007 to July 2008 as Brazil deforested 11 968 square kilometers of the area. Although Brazil has deforested the most land other tropical countries also have deforested large areas most notably Indonesia Sudan Burma Côte d Ivoire and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Total area deforested is one means of measuring deforestation another is percentage of forested land cleared. Because Brazil has such a large total of forested land its situation does not appear as bad by this measure. Eighteen tropical countries cleared at least 20 percent of their forests between 1990 and 2005. Comoros an island nation near Madagascar cleared 60 percent of its forests during the period Burundi cleared 47 percent of its forests and Togo Mauritania and Honduras also cleared significant forestland during this period. Haiti and Madagascar had cleared much of their .
