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Migration and Economic Development: The Case of the Mouride Brotherhood From Senegal to the Washington D.C. Metropolitan Area, 1990-2000 Effectiveness sorting should be observable as a magnification of the causal peer effect, as it creates a positive correlation between the peer group and an omitted variable school effectiveness in regression models for student outcomes.9 This provides my identification: I look for evidence that the apparent peer effect, the reduced-form gradient of school average test scores with respect to student characteristics, is larger in high-choice than in low-choice markets | HOWARD UNIVERSITY Migration and Economic Development The Case of the Mouride Brotherhood From Senegal to the Washington D.c. Metropolitan Area 1990-2000 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of HOWARD UNIVERSITY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of African Studies by Radell Tankard Washington D.c. May 2003 UMI Number 3114647 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs print bleed-through substandard margins and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages these will be noted. Also if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed a note will indicate the deletion. UMĨ UMI Microform 3114647 Copyright 2004 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17 United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor Ml 48106-1346 HOWARD UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL DEPARTMENT OF AFRICAN STUDIES DISSERTATION COMMITTEE APPROVAL FORM Wilfred avid Ph. D. Hakim Rashid Ph.D. KaÉỉm Atmul Bangura Ph.D. Associate Professor American University School of International Services dissertation Advisor Candidate Radell Tankard Date of Defense May 2 2003 .
