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Tuberculosis (TB) is not as common as it was many years ago in the United States; consequently, clinicians do not always consider the possibility of TB disease when evaluating patients who have symptoms. As a result, the diagnosis of TB disease may be delayed or even overlooked, and the patient may remain ill and possibly infectious for a prolonged period. Not all persons with TB disease have symptoms; however, most persons with TB disease have one or more symptoms that lead them to seek medical care. All persons with symptoms of TB disease, or either a positive tuberculin skin test (TST). | Chapter 4 Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Disease Table of Contents Chapter Objectives.75 Introduction.77 Medical Evaluation.78 Chapter Summary.104 References.106 Chapter Objectives After working through this chapter you should be able to Describe the five components of a TB medical evaluation Identify the major components of TB diagnostic microbiology List at least five symptoms of pulmonary TB disease Explain the purpose and significance of acid-fast bacilli AFB Explain the purpose and significance of the culture and Explain the purpose and significance of genotyping. Chapter 4 Diagnosis of TB Disease 75 Chapter 4 Diagnosis of TB Disease 76 Introduction Tuberculosis TB is not as common as it was many years ago in the United States consequently clinicians do not always consider the possibility of TB disease when evaluating patients who have symptoms. As a result the diagnosis of TB disease may be delayed or even overlooked and the patient may remain ill and possibly infectious for a prolonged period. Not all persons with TB disease have symptoms however most persons with TB disease have one or more symptoms that lead them to seek medical care. All persons with symptoms of TB disease or either a positive tuberculin skin test TST or an interferon-gamma release assay IGRA indicative of M. tuberculosis infection should be medically evaluated to exclude TB disease. Not all persons with TB disease have symptoms however most persons with TB disease have one or more symptoms that lead them to seek medical care. All persons with symptoms of TB disease or either a positive TST or IGRA indicative of M. tuberculosis infection should be medically evaluated to exclude TB disease. Study Question 4.1 All persons with symptoms of TB disease or a positive TST or IGRA result indicating M. tuberculosis infection should be medically evaluated to exclude TB disease. choose the one best answer A. True B. False Chapter 4 Diagnosis of TB Disease .