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In ARIES, Ecosystem Services are the effects on human well-being of the flow of benefits from an ecosystem endpoint to a human endpoint at given extents of space and time. The methodology combines spatially explicit models of ecosystem service provision and use with dynamic flow models to describe the distribution of benefits across the landscape. The exact form of these models depends on the specific context of application and is chosen by means of machine reasoning, on the basis of data analysis and ontological connotations of the services (e.g. the rival or non-rival nature of the benefits for their human. | Annals of Botany 97 165-176 2006 doi 10.1093 aob mcj025 available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org The Cucurbit Images 1515-1518 of the Villa Farnesina Rome JULES JANICK1 and HARRY S. PARIS2 Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Purdue University 625 Agriculture Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47907-2010 USA and Department of Vegetable Crops and Plant Genetics Agricultural Research Organization Newe Ya ar Research Center PO Box 1021 Ramat Yishay 30-095 Israel Received 8 August 2005 Returned for revision 28 September 2005 Accepted 19 October 2005 Published electronically 28 November 2005 Background The gorgeous frescoes organized by the master Renaissance painter Raphael Sanzio 1483-1520 and illustrating the heavenly adventures of Cupid and Psyche were painted between 1515 and 1518 to decorate the Roman villa now known as the Villa Farnesina of the wealthy Sienese banker Agostino Chigi 1466-1520 . Surrounding these paintings are festoons of fruits vegetables and flowers painted by Giovanni Martini da Udine 1487-1564 which include over 170 species of plants. A deconstruction and collation of the cucurbit images in the festoons makes it possible to evaluate the genetic diversity of cucurbits in Renaissance Italy 500 years ago. Findings The festoons contain six species of Old World cucurbits Citrullus lanatus watermelon Cucumis melo melon Cucumis sativus cucumber Ecballium elaterium squirting cucumber Lagenaria siceraria bottle gourd and Momordica balsamina balsam apple and two or three species of New World cucurbits Cucurbita maxima C. pepo and perhaps C. moschata pumpkin squash gourd . The images of C. maxima are the first illustrations of this species in Europe. Key words Citrullus lanatus Cucumis melo Cucumis sativus Cucurbita maxima Cucurbita pepo Ecballium elaterium Lagenaria siceraria Momordica balsamina Cucurbitaceae Agostino Chigi Giovanni Martini da Udine. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT The sumptuous festoons painted by Giovanni Martini
