Đang chuẩn bị nút TẢI XUỐNG, xin hãy chờ
Tải xuống
Another fundamental and shared belief among proponents of women’s health, which has also been largely confirmed, is that although the majority of women in most countries live longer than men, they live most of their lives with more disease, infirmity and disability than do men. Based on these broad, pluralistic perspectives and based on the epidemiological data discussed below, there is no question that trachoma is a women’s health concern. | International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2008 101 205-210 available at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect www.elsevier.com locate ijgo SPECIAL ARTICLE History of the FIGO cancer staging system Franco Odicinoa b Sergio Pecorellia b c Lucia Zigliani William T. Creasman b e a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Gynecologic Oncology University of Brescia Brescia Italy b Editorial Board FIGO Annual Report Italy c Chairman FIGO Committee on Gynecologic Oncology and Editor FIGO Annual Report Italy d FIGO Annual Report Editorial Office Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology Milan Italy e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA KEYWORDS FIGO Gynecological cancer staging system History Abstract The main objectives of any good staging system - essential to an evidence-based approach to cancer - are to aid the clinician in planning treatment to provide indication of prognosis to assist the physician in evaluating the results of treatment to facilitate the exchange of information between treatment centers thus disseminating knowledge and to contribute to continuing investigations into human malignancies. A good staging system must have 3 basic characteristics it must be valid reliable and practical. The first staging system for gynecological cancers appeared around the turn of the 20th century and applied to the carcinoma of the cervix uteri-the most common cancer affecting women in high income countries at that time. The classification and staging of the other gynecological malignancies was not put forward until the 1950s. Over the years these staging classifications - with the exception of cervical cancer and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia - have shifted from a clinical to a surgical-pathological basis. This paper reviews the history of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics FIGO cancer staging system how it was developed and why. 2008 Published by
