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pairwise có thể bằng cách lập trình năng động và chuyển đổi hoặc bình thường hóa các điểm liên kết để khoảng cách. Sau đó nó xây dựng một "cây hướng dẫn" của nhóm và thực hiện sự liên kết tiến bộ dựa trên cây hướng dẫn một cách từ dưới lên. Theo phương pháp này, một nhiều | 6TA Chapter 11 Applications and Trends in Data Mining Figure 11.9 Perception-based classification PBC An interactive visual mining approach. An advantage of recommender systems is that they provide personalization for customers of e-commerce promoting one-to-one marketing. Amazon.com a pioneer in the use of collaborative recommender systems offers a personalized store for every customer as part of their marketing strategy. Personalization can benefit both the consumers and the company involved. By having more accurate models of their customers companies gain a better understanding of customer needs. Serving these needs can result in greater success regarding cross-selling of related products upselling product affinities one-to-one promotions larger baskets and customer retention. Dimension reduction association mining clustering and Bayesian learning are some of the techniques that have been adapted for collaborative recommender systems. While collaborative filtering explores the ratings of items provided by similar users some recommender systems explore a content-based method that provides recommendations based on the similarity of the contents contained in an item. Moreover some systems integrate both content-based and user-based methods to achieve further improved recommendations. Collaborative recommender systems are a form of intelligent query answering which consists of analyzing the intent of a query and providing generalized neighborhood or 11.4 Social Impacts of Data Mining 675 associated information relevant to the query. For example rather than simply returning the book description and price in response to a customer s query returning additional information that is related to the query but that was not explicitly asked for such as book evaluation comments recommendations of other books or sales statistics provides an intelligent answer to the same query. 11.4 Social Impacts of Data Mining For most of us data mining is part of our daily lives although we
