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lương thực của quân đội và hạm đội, và cũng có thể về tiền lương, ông đã tính toán tổng thu nhập được cung cấp bởi các loại thuế, mà ông đã thêm các chiến lợi phẩm, giá trị trong số đó là thường xuyên được biết đến. Ông kết luận rằng có một mức thâm hụt rõ ràng. | Quantities and quantitative developments 133 Plautus plays present specialized moneylenders but no credit intermediaries. In contrast at the time of Cicero the latter clearly existed. Most historians agree that in Italy this development was accompanied by new ways of thinking and that money deals became more and more accepted by the elite. The Roman sources themselves say so. In truth members of the elite had long been lending money at interest as everyone apparently knew. On the other hand such lending never had a very good reputation even at the end of the Republic or under the Principate. But it is true that towards the end of the fourth century B c lending money for interest had been prohibited by the lex Genucia. Was it banned again in 191 BC 20 Even if it was which is unlikely the ban did not last for long. Subsequently lending money at interest was never prohibited again and the practice was mentioned perfectly openly. The progress of private financial affairs correlated with a number of other major developments. Of these it is worth mentioning the diversification of the agriculture of the villae which became increasingly oriented towards the sale of their produce the growth of the city of Rome the increasing security of transport which facilitated these developments and the progressive diffusion of new life-styles in the western provinces. The ever-widening dispersion of their patrimonies obliged the elite to provide themselves with more liquid money and to organize money transfers. In their desperation to maintain their rank senators and knights sought to increase their patrimonies or at least to manage what they possessed as profitably as possible. To this end they launched themselves into as many ventures as possible both private and political.21 Many factors were at work here the large incomes legal or otherwise that senators derived from their political life the profits that came their way from private business pursued in the provinces the size of the
