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Socioeconomic status, poverty, and race have been found to be correlated with ACSC rates [8-10]. Several studies have examined the associations between ACSCs and demographics using small areas of analysis (typically ZIP code) and have found that ACSCs are higher in lowincome areas and areas with higher concentrations of racial and ethnic minorities [11,12]. The elderly population has not been studied much in this context, because they are thought to be relatively well-insured. However, Billings, Anderson, and Newman [11] found that socioeconomic class is important, even among the insured populations, concluding that barriers to accessing ambulatory care may extend beyond affordability to other factors, such as transportation or knowledge about how to engage the. | Marques et al. BMC Public Health 2011 11 123 http www.biomedcentral.com 1471-2458 11 123 BMC Public Health RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Evaluation of physical activity programmes for elderly people - a descriptive study using the EFQM criteria 1 2 3 1.4 1 1 Ana I Marques Maria J Rosa Pedro Soares Rute Santos Jorge Mota Joana Carvalho Abstract Background In the past years there has been a growing concern in designing physical activity PA programmes for elderly people because evidence suggests that such health promotion interventions may reduce the deleterious effects of the ageing process. Quality is an important issue when designing a PA programme for older people. Some studies support the Excellence Model of the European Foundation for Quality Management EFQM as an operational framework for evaluating the quality of an organization. Within this context the aim of this study was to characterize the quality management models of the PA programmes developed by Portuguese Local Administration to enhance quality of life for elderly people according to the criteria of the EFQM Excellence Model. Methods A methodological triangulation was conducted in 26 PA programmes using questionnaire surveys semistructured interviews and document analysis. We used standard approaches to the statistical analysis of data including frequencies and percentages for the categorical data. Results Results showed that Processes 65 38 Leadership 61 03 Customer results 58 46 and People 51 28 had high percentage occurrences of quality practices. In contrast Partnerships and resources 45 77 People results 41 03 Policy and strategy 37 91 Key performance results 19 23 and Society results 19 23 had lower percentage occurrences. Conclusions Our findings suggest that although there are some good practices in PA programmes there are still relevant areas that require improvement. Background The last few decades have witnessed a significant demographic ageing process causing deep social and political .
