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Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Minireview cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Analysis of genetic systems using experimental evolution and whole-genome sequencing. | Minireview Analysis of genetic systems using experimental evolution and whole-genome sequencing Matthew Hegreness and Roy Kishony Addresses Department of Systems Biology Harvard Medical School Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA. Correspondence Roy Kishony. Email roy_kishony@hms.harvard.edu Published I February 2007 Genome Biology 2007 8 20I doi I0.II86 gb-2007-8-I-20I The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http genomebiology.com 2007 8 I 20I 2007 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract The application of whole-genome sequencing to the study of microbial evolution promises to reveal the complex functional networks of mutations that underlie adaptation. A recent study of parallel evolution in populations of Escherichia coli shows how adaptation involves both functional changes to specific proteins as well as global changes in regulation. The comparative study of extant genomes has revolutionized biology shedding light not only on evolution but also on physiology genetics and medicine. But the utility of comparisons among naturally evolved isolates is lessened by incomplete knowledge of the environment to which the organisms adapted. Precise knowledge of conditions is attainable only in comparative genomic studies of organisms that have diverged under the controlled conditions of the laboratory where it is possible to run replicate experiments that distinguish which outcomes are inevitable and which the result of mere chance. Advanced sequencing and mutation-detection technologies now make it possible to reveal the complete genetic basis for an adaptive trait that separates an evolved clone from a reference strain 1-4 . The first whole-genome sequencing of cellular organisms adapted to controlled laboratory conditions has already revealed mutations that contribute to symbiosis 1 and cooperative .
