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Medicine without statistics is quackery; statistics without medicine is numerology. Perhaps this is the main reason why clinicians should care about statistics. Statistics in medicine began in the early nineteenth century (it was called “the numerical method” then) and its debut involved disproving the most common and widely accepted medical treatment for millennia: bleeding. From ancient Rome until 1900, all physicians – from Galen to Avicenna to Benjamin Rush – strongly and clearly advocated bleeding as the treatment for most medical illnesses. This was based on a theory, most clearly defined by Galen: four humors in the body, if out of balance, led to disease; bleeding rebalanced. | A CLINICIAN S GUIDE TO Epidemiology in Mental Health Cambridge www.cambridge. xg 9780521709583 A Clinician s Guide to Statistics and Epidemiology in Mental .