TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Dermatology for advanced practice clinicians (1st edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Dermatology for advanced practice clinicians" presentation of content: Superficial fungal infections, disorders of hair and nails, vasculitis and hypersensitivity, cutaneous drug eruptions, pigmentation and light related-dermatoses, genital dermatoses, wound care,. and other contents. | CHAPTER 12 Superficial Fungal Infections Janice T. Chussil There are two categories of cutaneous fungal infections, or mycoses, dermatophytes and Candida, and other endogenous yeasts. Superficial infections involve the stratum corneum of skin as well as hair, nails and mucous membranes, whereas deeper fungal infections involve the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The clinical presentation of fungal infections varies depending on the type of fungus, location, and immunologic response of the host. Most mycoses seen in primary care and dermatology are superficial infections. And although they are referred to as “superficial,” if left untreated, they can become debilitating, develop secondary bacterial infections, and spread to other parts of the body or to close contacts. This chapter begins with an introduction to the diagnostic tests and treatment therapies before the discussion of diseases. Clinicians should be vigilant in developing a differential diagnosis, selecting appropriate diagnostic tests, and considering safe and effective therapy. DIAGNOSTICS Clinical presentation, along with laboratory findings, should be used to diagnose tinea since it can mimic many other skin diseases. Selection of the diagnostic test is based on access, cost, time, and value of pathogen identification. It should be noted, however, that the value of any fungal examination is only as good as the quality of the specimen submitted for analysis. The appropriate sampling techniques, advantages, and disadvantages for available fungal tests are provided in chapter 24. • Direct microscopy or KOH preparation is the easiest and most cost-effective test available to clinicians regardless of the practice s ­ etting. Scrapings are obtained from the skin, hair, or nails to confirm the presence or absence of hyphae or spores. KOH does not identify the species of dermatophyte. • Fungal culture is the gold standard for the definitive diagnosis of a fungal infection. It can be sent to a laboratory

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• Dermatology for advanced practice clinicians
• Superficial fungal infections
• Disorders of hair and nails
• Vasculitis and hypersensitivity
• Cutaneous drug eruptions
• Light related dermatoses
• Eczematous disorders
• Papulosquamous disorders
• Pigmented lesions and melanoma
• Viral infections
• Superficial bacterial infections