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Dịch từ: Tiếng Anh Đánh giá rủi ro đối với chất phóng xạ là một quá trình định lượng Đó là ước tính xác suất cho các phản ứng bất lợi của năm con người và sinh vật khác với bức xạ * Các tác giả muốn cảm ơn Tiến sĩ D. Lush, tiến sĩ F. Garisto, bà K. Fisher, và ông Walsh cho phê bình Xem xét dự thảo đầu tiên của bản thảo này. Sự hỗ trợ đồ họa của ông Green Thấm đánh giá cao. | CHAPTER 25 Radiation Risk Assessment Nava C. Garisto and Donald R. Hart CONTENTS I. Introduction.479 II. Radiation Types and Sources.480 A. Types of Radiation.480 B. Radiation Units.481 C. Radiation Sources.482 III. Risk Assessment for Radioactive Substances.482 A. The Risk Assessment Process.482 B. Problem Formulation.483 C. Radiation Exposure Analysis.483 1. Source Term Development.485 2. Radionuclide Transport Analysis.486 3. Food Chain Pathways Analysis.486 4. Dose Rate Estimation.489 5. Radiation Response Analysis . 490 6. Risk Characterization. 492 IV. Conclusion . 494 References. 494 I. INTRODUCTION Risk assessment for radioactive substances is a quantitative process that estimates the probability for an adverse response by humans and other biota to radiation The authors wish to thank Dr. D. Lush Dr. F. Garisto Ms. K. Fisher and Mr. M. Walsh for critically reviewing early drafts of this manuscript. The graphics support of M. Green is greatly appreciated. 479 2001 by CRC Press LLC 480 A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT REPORTS exposure. It has been used for a variety of regulatory purposes such as the derivation of site-specific radionuclide release limits or the determination of the acceptability of proposed undertakings that may release radionuclides. Radioactive substances as compared to other chemical substances have a long history of risk-based regulations. These regulations developed in reaction to early mismanagement of radiation risks. Today the concept of site-specific risk assessment is fundamental to the regulation of radioactive substances and serves as a model for risk-based regulation of other chemicals. The unique properties of radioactive substances associated with their emissions of ionizing radiation require specialized approaches to assessment of exposure dose and risk. For example since a radiation dose can be received without physical contact with the radioactive substance this external exposure as well as internal .
