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Các chuyên gia đánh giá rủi ro không ngừng tranh luận về bao nhiêu người ăn đất, nếu bất kỳ, hoặc cho dù một số nguồn nước ngầm Sẽ Được sử dụng như nguồn duy nhất của khu dân cư nước uống, và một loạt các câu hỏi đánh giá nguy cơ phơi nhiễm khác. Mục tiêu không ai tranh luận về việc liệu những người hít thở không khí. Khi hóa chất trong không khí, người đang xúc. Thảo luận về các trung tâm hóa học trong không khí xung quanh đánh giá rủi ro mô hình dự đoán, ảnh hưởng của các hóa. | CHAPTER 24 Risk Assessment of Airborne Chemicals Jeanne C. Willson CONTENTS I. Introduction.466 II. Conceptual Site Models.466 A. Indirect Exposure Pathways.469 B. Project Manager Role in Conceptual Site Model Development.469 C. Developing Data Quality Objectives.470 1. State the Problem.471 2. Identify Define the Decision.471 3. Identify Inputs to Decision.471 4. Define Study Boundaries. 471 5. Develop a Decision Rule.471 6. Specify Limits on Decision Errors.471 7. Optimize Design for Obtaining Data.472 D. DQO Process Final Check. 472 III. Estimating Chemical Concentrations at Exposure Points Transport Models.473 IV. Occupational Exposure and Risk Assessment.473 A. Describing Toxicity Reference Concentrations and Unit Risk.474 V. Conclusion Risk Characterization and Informing the Risk Manager.476 References.477 465 2001 by CRC Press LLC 466 A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT REPORTS I. INTRODUCTION Risk assessment professionals argue endlessly about how much soil people eat if any or whether certain groundwater sources will be used as sole sources of residential drinking water and a host of other risk assessment exposure questions. But nobody argues about whether people breathe air. When chemicals are in the air people are exposed. Discussion of airborne chemical risk assessment centers around modeled predictions the toxic effects of the chemicals especially at low doses probabilities of accidental releases the hazards of inhaling small particulate matter and indirect pathways. Project managers have many opportunities to inject rationality into the air toxics risk process regardless of their level of technical involvement. In this chapter we will discuss the typical issues that arise in evaluating air toxics with special emphasis on what managers should watch for and we will discuss the general approach to risk assessment as it applies to air toxics including Developing a conceptual site model Applying the DQO process Using appropriate exposure and
