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Nanowires can be defined as structures with thicknesses or diameters of tens of nanometers or less and unconstrained lengths. Many different types of nanowires exist, including metallic (e.g., Ni, Pt, Au or different alloys based on metals), semiconducting (e.g., Si, InP, GaN, etc.), insulating (e.g., SiO2, TiO2), and molecular nanowires (e.g. organic DNA or inorganic). Nanowires have many interesting properties that are not seen in bulk or 3-D materials.