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Một phần của cuốn sách cung cấp một giới thiệu về lịch sử và phạm vi sức khỏe nghề nghiệp, thảo luận về thực hành hiện đại và nhìn vào các yếu tố pháp lý và tổ chức tham gia, cung cấp hướng dẫn cho việc phát triển một chính sách y tế hiệu quả lao động và các thủ tục liên quan | 84 Occupational health In only two areas is HIV antibody testing currently carried out on employees or potential employees Airline crews this has been justified on the basis that their lifestyle is irregular and this is known to potentiate the development of AIDS in an HIV antibody positive individual and because they are required to have frequent vaccinations and immunisations which may be impacting on an already damaged immune system. Staff on overseas postings some countries require a clearance certificate for entry. Health care workers are in a different category from other employees. Such workers may themselves be at risk from HIV-infected patients although up to the end of 1992 only 148 cases of occupationally acquired HIV infection had been reported worldwide. Health care workers are required by their professional bodies to report the fact if they know themselves to be HIV antibody positive or if they have reason to suspect that they may be. There are three clear reasons for this An injury to them while performing invasive procedures may result in their blood contaminating the patient s blood. AIDS may be associated with the development of various infectious conditions which can be passed on to patients made vulnerable by their own disease. A significant percentage of individuals with AIDS experience intellectual deterioration. Incapacity and sickness absence In general individuals who are HIV antibody positive need counselling and support. This is hardly surprising when they have to cope with a potentially fatal disease for which there is no known cure. Added to this they have to deal with prejudice and feelings of stigmatisation. Although there are exceptions most employees who are HIV antibody positive or have AIDS do not want to share this information with work colleagues. They may confide in their manager or the personnel or occupational health department and they should be able to do so with a guarantee of confidentiality. There may be reasons why a .