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Tài liệu tham khảo Tài liệu trung cấp môn Kinh tế vi mô bằng tiếng Anh gồm 41 phần giúp sinh viên khoa kinh tế học tốt môn Kinh tế vi mô. Tài liệu này là phần 28 giới thiệu về " độc quyền - oligopoly " | CHAPTER 27 OLIGOPOLY We have now investigated two important forms of market structure pure competition where there are typically many small competitors and pure monopoly where there is only one large firm in the market. However much of the world lies between these two extremes. Often there are a number of competitors in the market but not so many as to regard each of them as having a negligible effect on price. This is the situation known as oligopoly. The model of monopolistic competition described in Chapter 24 is a special form of oligopoly that emphasizes issues of product differentiation and entry. However the models of oligopoly that we will study in this chapter are more concerned with the strategic interactions that arise in an industry with a small number of firms. There are several models that are relevant since there are several different ways for firms to behave in an oligopolistic environment. It is unreasonable to expect one grand model since many different behavior patterns can be observed in the real world. What we want is a guide to some of the possible patterns of behavior and some indication of what factors might be important in deciding when the various models are applicable. QUANTITY LEADERSHIP 481 For simplicity we will usually restrict ourselves to the case of two firms this is called a situation of duopoly. The duopoly case allows us to capture many of the important features of firms engaged in strategic interaction without the notational complications involved in models with a larger number of firms. Also we will limit ourselves to investigation of cases in which each firm is producing an identical product. This allows us to avoid the problems of product differentiation and focus only on strategic interactions. 27.1 Choosing a Strategy If there are two firms in the market and they are producing a homogeneous product then there are four variables of interest the price that each firm charges and the quantities that each firm produces. When .
